The “ideal� model of a constitutional theocracy can be summarized by outlining four main elements: (1) adherence to some or all core elements of modern constitutionalism, including the formal distinction between political authority and [...]
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Abstract Probation officers are the focal point for most interventions with delinquent youths in the juvenile justice system. The present
study examines probation strategies and interventions in a sample of 308 probation officers who completed the Probation Practices Assessment Survey (PPAS) in a web-based survey. The PPAS measures six probation approaches: deterrence, restorative justice, treatment, confrontation, counseling, and behavioral tactics. Structural equation models and latent class analyses showed that probation officers use multiple approaches with delinquent youths consistent with the balanced and restorative justice movement. Younger youths, high-risk youths, and youths with prior social service involvements are likely to receive more intensive interventions. The implications of these findings for improving probation practices with delinquent youth are discussed.
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