Abstract A recent change in Danish cannabis control policy has had significant implications for the structure of the retail-level cannabis
market in Copenhagen. A process of restructuring following an crackdown on ‘Pusher Street’ has involved at least four people
getting shot and killed in what police describe as struggles for market shares. Combating the retail cannabis market was a
top three priority for the Copenhagen police. The shift in policy started in 2004 when possession for personal use was up-penalized,
from a discriminatory warning to an obligatory fine of 70 euros which was quadrupled in 2007. The law was immediately followed
by an extensive police crackdown on Christiania’s open retail-market. Christiania has had a cannabis market for 32 years.
As cannabis use rates rose throughout the ‘90’s the market flourished. On a given day it’s estimated turnover was around 20 k,
about twothirds of the total market in Copenhagen. On the 16th of May 2004 police raided ‘Pusher Street’ and arrested 60 dealers
and their helpers along with 20 people accused of forming an organized lookout corps. After the initial raid police implemented
a zero-tolerance zone in the area and targeted users in a deterrent effort issuing a total of 4834 fines in a year. Maintaining
the zero tolerance zone has so far involved 12 big confrontations with the inhabitants of Christiania. 114 police officers
have been injured and 29 formal complaints of police conduct have been lodged with the State Attorney. Following the crackdown
the cannabis market adapted by dispersing and applying new methods for retail dealing.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10611-008-9185-6
Authors
Kim Kristian Moeller, University of Aarhus Aarhus Denmark
Abstract Many inmates do not respond favorably to standard treatments routinely offered in prison. Executive cognitive functioning
and emotional regulation may play a key role in treatment responsivity. During intake into treatment, inmates (N = 224) were evaluated for executive functioning, emotional perception, stress reactivity (salivary cortisol), IQ, psychological
and behavioral traits, prior drug use, child and family background, and criminal histories and institutional behavior. Outcome
measures included program completion, treatment readiness, responsivity and gain, and the Novaco Reaction to Provocation Questionnaire.
Relative deficits in behavioral inhibition significantly predicted treatment outcomes, more so than background, psychological,
or behavioral variables, and other neurocognitive and emotional regulatory measures. Future replications of these results
have potential to improve assessment and treatment of offenders who are otherwise intractable.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-008-9163-7
Authors
Diana Fishbein, RTI International 6801 Eastern Avenue, Suite 203 Baltimore MD 21224 USA
Monica Sheppard, RTI International 6801 Eastern Avenue, Suite 203 Baltimore MD 21224 USA
Christopher Hyde, Bioassessments, Inc. Elkton MD 21921 USA
Robert Hubal, RTI International 6801 Eastern Avenue, Suite 203 Baltimore MD 21224 USA
David Newlin, RTI International 6801 Eastern Avenue, Suite 203 Baltimore MD 21224 USA
Ralph Serin, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada
George Chrousos, NIH National Institute of Child Health and Development Bldg. 10, Rm. 2D46, 10 Center Dr. Bethesda MD 20892-1284 USA
Salvatore Alesci, National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA
Abstract This article is concerned with deviations from legal functioning of the modern state, which is supposedly grounded on legal
structure, but may conduct extra-legal activities. In this article, special focus is directed to certain extra-legal activities
of the following modern states: the Susurluk Affair in Turkey, the Iran-Contra Affairs of the USA, GAL in Spain, the Gibraltar
Killings committed by UK soldiers, and enforced disappearances in Argentina. These cases are interpreted from the points of
view of Max Weber’s and Jürgen Habermas’s theories of the rule of law, Hans Kelsen’s legal positivism, Carl Schmitt’s theories
of the political and sovereignty, and Austin Turk’s theory of political criminality. Our purpose, then, is to evaluate these
theories vis-à-vis the cases of extra-legal activities of the state.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10611-008-9182-9
Authors
Ayşegül Sabuktay, Public Administration Institute for Turkey and the Middle East Ankara Turkey
Abstract This study examined multiple risk factor models of links among callous-unemotional traits, aggression beliefs, social information
processing, impulsivity, and aggressive behavior in a sample of 150 antisocial adolescents. Consistent with past research,
results indicated that beliefs legitimizing aggression predicted social information processing biases and that social information
processing biases mediated the effect of beliefs on aggressive behavior. Callous-unemotional traits accounted for unique variance
in aggression above and beyond effects of more established risk factors of early onset of antisocial behavior, social information
processing, and impulsivity. These findings add to recent research showing that callous-unemotional traits are a unique risk
factor associated with aggression and criminal offending and suggest that targeting both affective and cognitive vulnerabilities
may enhance clinical intervention with antisocial youth.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-008-9171-7
Authors
Timothy R. Stickle, University of Vermont Department of Psychology Burlington VT USA
Neil M. Kirkpatrick, University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
Lauren N. Brush, University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
Video of the hugely successful 2009 Santa Clara Computer & High Technology Law Journal Symposium is now available. Click below to go to the symposium page.
Video of the hugely successful 2009 Santa Clara Computer & High Technology Law Journal Symposium is now available. Click below to go to the symposium page.
Abstract In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of prosecutor office efficiency in the United States. Using multiple inputs and
multiple outputs to characterize prosecutor office production, technical and scale efficiency are calculated for U.S. counties.
Given the complex nature of service provision and potential heterogeneity based on judicial district size, we restrict our
sample to those counties with populations between 100 and 500 thousand. Given the efficiency results, we also test whether
efficiency is statistically related to median income and the percentage of minority population. The results suggest that prosecutor
offices in more socio-economically disadvantages counties are more inefficient.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10657-008-9093-3
Authors
Michael F. Gorman, University of Dayton School of Business Dayton OH 45469-2130 USA
John Ruggiero, University of Dayton School of Business Dayton OH 45469-2130 USA
Copyright is a system of federal regulation that empowers private actors to silence others, yet no one seriously doubts that copyright is consistent in principle with the First Amendment freedom of speech. Scholars and courts have tried to resolve the tension between exclusive rights in expression and free speech in one of two ways: some [...]
