For over half a century, various clinical and actuarial methods have been employed to assess the likelihood of violent recidivism.
Yet there is a need for new methods that can improve the accuracy of recidivism predictions. This study proposes a new time
series modeling approach that generates high levels of predictive accuracy over short and long periods of time. The proposed
approach outperformed two widely used actuarial instruments (i.e., the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide and the Sex Offender
Risk Appraisal Guide). Furthermore, analysis of temporal risk variations based on specific time series models can add valuable
information into risk assessment and management of violent offenders.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-009-9183-y
Authors
Majid Bani-Yaghoub, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S-5B6, Canada
J. Paul Fedoroff, Forensic Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
Susan Curry, Forensic Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
David E. Amundsen, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S-5B6, Canada
Abstract Feedback suggestive of mistaken eyewitnesses claiming that they identified the correct person leads to distorted retrospective
judgments of certainty, view, and other testimony-relevant measures. This feedback effect can be significantly mitigated if
witnesses later learn that the feedback source did not know which lineup member was the correct person and had a manipulative
intent (post-feedback suspicion manipulation). We replicated the post-feedback suspicion effect and used a mistake condition
showing that the manipulative intent is not a necessary component, thereby ruling out reactance-type interpretations of the
post-feedback suspicion effect. Some conditions included instructions to ensure relevant processing of the feedback before
the post-feedback suspicion manipulations, but these processing instructions did not mitigate the effect. The results suggest
that these retrospective judgments (e.g., certainty, attention, view) remain malleable as new information unfolds.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-009-9179-7
Authors
Deah S. Quinlivan, Iowa State University Department of Psychology West 112 Lagomarcino Ames IA 50011 USA
Gary L. Wells, Iowa State University Department of Psychology West 112 Lagomarcino Ames IA 50011 USA
Jeffrey S. Neuschatz, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville USA
Psychopathic individuals may be disaggregated into low-anxious (emotionally stable “primary psychopaths”) and high-anxious
(emotionally disturbed “secondary psychopaths”) variants that may differ in their capacity for adaptive behavior. In turn,
the skills encompassed by emotional intelligence (EI) predict social and business success. Based on a sample of 188 male undergraduates,
we evaluate the performance of low-anxious psychopathic, high-anxious psychopathic, and low psychopathic comparison groups
on a measure of EI. High-anxious psychopaths manifested significantly lower EI than the other two groups, particularly with
respect to managing emotions and facilitating thoughts. In contrast, low-anxious psychopaths manifested intact EI, with skill
in facilitating thoughts. High-anxious (but not low anxious) psychopaths were more likely than low psychopathic comparisons
to manifest violence. These results are consistent with the notion that primary psychopaths have greater capacity to attain
success in traditional society than secondary psychopaths, and invite a direct test of this hypothesis in future research.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-009-9175-y
Authors
Sarah Vidal, Georgetown University Washington, DC USA
Jennifer Skeem, University of California, Irvine Department of Psychology & Social Behavior 3311 Social Ecology II Irvine CA 92697-7085 USA
Jacqueline Camp, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas NV USA
Abstract Democracy can be a means to independently valuable ends and/or it can be intrinsically (or non-instrumentally) valuable. One powerful non-instrumental defence of democracy is based on the idea that only it can
publicly justify political authority. I contend that this is an argument about the reasonable acceptability of political authority
and about the requirements of publicity and that satisfying these requirements has nothing to do with whether a society is
democratic or not. Democracy, then, plays no role in publicly justifying political authority. I also show that any non-instrumental
defence of democracy must make claims about what justice requires and make several further claims that require substantial
justification.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s11158-009-9084-4
Authors
Dean J. Machin, University of Bristol Churchill Hall, Stoke Park Road Bristol BS9 1JG UK
Abstract In the early 1990s Greece accepted a large number of immigrants from a variety of contexts. Since then ‘organised criminality’
has become an important aspect of the immigration nexus in the country, and ethnicity has been [...]
Abstract This article reassess Rorty’s contribution to human rights theory. It addresses two key questions: (1) Does Rorty sustain
his claim that there are no morally relevant transcultural facts? (2) Does Rorty’s proposed sentimental education offer an
adequate response to contemporary human rights challenges? Although both questions are answered in the negative, it is argued
here that Rorty’s focus on suffering, sympathy, and security, offer valuable resources to human rights theorists. The article
concludes by considering the idea of a dual approach to human rights, combining Rorty’s emphasis on sentiment with an analysis
of patterns of responsibility for the underfulfilment of human rights.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s11158-009-9083-5
Authors
Kerri Woods, University of York Department of Politics Heslington, York YO10 5DD UK
It is not alarmist to say that the Internet is the first truly panoptic system of the mind. Dumbfoundingly dense databanks can—and do—gorge themselves on one’s every move across a webpage. Web tools monitor every specific article a visitor [...]
It is not alarmist to say that the Internet is the first truly panoptic system of the mind. Dumbfoundingly dense databanks can—and do—gorge themselves on one’s every move across a webpage. Web tools monitor every specific article a visitor reads, how she was referred to that article, and how long she spent reading it. These [...]
