During voir dire, judges frequently attempt to “rehabilitate” venirepersons who express an inability to be impartial. Venirepersons
who agree to ignore their biases and base their verdict on the evidence and the law are eligible for jury service. In Experiment
1, biased and unbiased mock jurors participated in either a standard or rehabilitative voir dire conducted by a judge and
watched a trial video. Rehabilitation influenced insanity defense attitudes and perceptions of the defendant’s mental state,
and decreased scaled guilt judgments compared to standard questioning. Although rehabilitation is intended to correct for
partiality among biased jurors, rehabilitation similarly influenced biased and unbiased jurors. Experiment 2 found that watching
rehabilitation did not influence jurors’ perceptions of the judge’s personal beliefs about the case.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-009-9193-9
Authors
Caroline B. Crocker, City University of New York Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice 445 W. 59th Street New York NY 10019 USA
Margaret Bull Kovera, City University of New York Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice 445 W. 59th Street New York NY 10019 USA
Abstract Persons with mental illness may be at risk for false admissions to police and to prosecutors because of the defining characteristics
of mental illness, but potentially because of heightened recidivism rates and increased opportunities. We surveyed 1,249 offenders
with mental disorders from six sites about false confessions (FCs) and false guilty pleas (FGPs). Self-reports of FC ranged
from 9 to 28%, and FGPs ranged from 27 to 41% depending upon site. False admissions to murder and rape were rarely reported.
We also examined differences between those claiming false admissions and those not. Minorities, offenders with lengthier criminal
careers, and those who were more symptomatic were more likely to have self-reported false admissions than their counterparts.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-009-9194-8
Authors
Allison D. Redlich, School of Criminal Justice, State University of New York, University at Albany Albany NY USA
Alicia Summers, University of Nevada Reno NV USA
Steven Hoover, John Jay College of Criminal Justice New York NY USA
New Directions for the Capability Approach: Deliberative Democracy and Republicanism
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s11158-009-9091-5
Authors
R. J. G. Claassen, Leiden University Department of Political Sciences, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands
Recent research using a calibration approach indicates that eyewitness confidence assessments obtained immediately after a
positive identification decision provide a useful guide as to the likely accuracy of the identification. This study extended
research on the boundary conditions of the confidence–accuracy (CA) relationship by varying the retention interval between
encoding and identification test. Participants (N = 1,063) viewed one of five different targets in a community setting and attempted an identification from an 8-person target-present
or -absent lineup either immediately or several weeks later. Compared to the immediate condition, the delay condition produced
greater overconfidence and lower diagnosticity. However, for choosers at both retention intervals there was a meaningful CA
relationship and diagnosticity was much stronger at high than low confidence levels.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-009-9192-x
Authors
James Sauer, Flinders University School of Psychology GPO Box 2100 Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
Neil Brewer, Flinders University School of Psychology GPO Box 2100 Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
Tick Zweck, Flinders University School of Psychology GPO Box 2100 Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
Nathan Weber, Flinders University School of Psychology GPO Box 2100 Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
Abstract One of the most significant shifts in current thinking on war and gender is the recognition that rape in wartime is not a
simple by-product of war, but often a planned and targeted policy. For many feminists ‘rape as a weapon of [...]
Abstract Insecurity with the use of small arms has become a disturbing theme in Kenya increasing over the past two decades. Rural areas
have seen escalating levels of armed inter-communal resource conflict, with rustling of large numbers [...]
Abstract Recent DNA exonerations have shed light on the problem that people sometimes confess to crimes they did not commit. Drawing
on police practices, laws concerning the admissibility of confession evidence, core principles of psychology, and forensic
studies involving multiple methodologies, this White Paper summarizes what is known about police-induced confessions. In this
review, we identify suspect characteristics (e.g., adolescence; intellectual disability; mental illness; and certain personality
traits), interrogation tactics (e.g., excessive interrogation time; presentations of false evidence; and minimization), and
the phenomenology of innocence (e.g., the tendency to waive Miranda rights) that influence confessions as well as their effects on judges and juries. This article concludes with a strong recommendation
for the mandatory electronic recording of interrogations and considers other possibilities for the reform of interrogation
practices and the protection of vulnerable suspect populations.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-009-9188-6
Authors
Saul M. Kassin, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York New York NY USA
Steven A. Drizin, Northwestern University School of Law and Center on Wrongful Convictions Chicago IL USA
Thomas Grisso, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA
Gisli H. Gudjonsson, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London UK
Richard A. Leo, University of San Francisco School of Law San Francisco CA USA
Allison D. Redlich, State University of New York at Albany Albany NY USA
Abstract Relational conceptions of autonomy attempt to take into account the social aspects of autonomous agency. Those views that
incorporate not merely causally, but constitutively necessary relational conditions, incorporate a condition that has the
form:
(RelAgency) A necessary condition for autonomous agency is that the agent stands in social relations S.
I argue that any account that incorporates such a condition (irrespective of how the relations, S, are spelt out) cannot play
one of autonomy’s key normative roles: identifying those agents who ought to be protected from (hard) paternalistic intervention.
I argue, against objections from Oshana, that there are good reasons for maintaining the notion of autonomy in this role,
and thus that such relational conceptions should not be accepted. This rejection goes beyond that from John Christman, which
holds only for those relational conditions which are value-laden.
Content Type Journal Article
DOI 10.1007/s11158-009-9090-6
Authors
Jules Holroyd, Churchill College Storey’s Way Cambridge CB3 0DS UK
Abstract We describe PADUA, a protocol designed to support two agents debating a classification by offering arguments based on association
rules mined from individual datasets. We motivate the style of argumentation supported by PADUA, and [...]
Two experiments examined the effects of multiple identification procedures on identification responses, confidence, and similarity
relationships. When the interval between first and second identification procedures was long (Experiment 1), correct and false
identifications increased, but the probative value of a suspect identification changed little; consistent witnesses were more
confident than inconsistent witnesses; and the similarity relationships between suspect and foils were unchanged. When the
interval between first and second identification procedures was short (Experiment 2), suspect identification rates changed
little, but foil identifications increased significantly; confidence for all identifications increased; consistent witnesses
were more confident than inconsistent witnesses; and similarity relationships changed such that witnesses were less likely
to identify the suspect as being the best match to the perpetrator.
Content Type Journal Article
Category Original Article
DOI 10.1007/s10979-009-9187-7
Authors
Ryan D. Godfrey, University of California, Riverside Psychology Department Riverside CA 92521 USA
Steven E. Clark, University of California, Riverside Psychology Department Riverside CA 92521 USA
